Growth, Leaf Pigment Content, and Antioxidant Potential of Ferns Grown in Peat Substrate Amended with Camelina Press Cake

Using natural waste as a source of minerals and biostimulants can offer many advantages in the production plants containers. The research aimed to evaluate usefulness cakes obtained from camelina seed oil (Camelina sativa) cultivation ferns. greenhouse experiment used ornamental ferns rich health-promoting compounds: Onoclea sensibilis, Polypodium vulgare, Polystichum polyblepharum. Plants were planted pots filled with peat substrate mixed press cake form pellets at dose 1 g/L or 5 g/L. grown 100% constituted control. It was found that medium enriched higher (P. vulgare P. polyblepharum), wider (O. sensibilis had increased dry weight polyblepharum) regardless cake. Moreover, all species, addition significantly total chlorophyll content by 23.5–32.5% carotenoids 17.7–68.7% compared effect on level polyphenols flavonoids well antioxidant activity unequal depended mainly species dose. Overall, developing sustainable fern principles understanding their nutritional properties could contribute broader use green spaces, medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics.